Implementation of OHS Standards and Work at Height Permits in Industrial Light Steel Roof Projects: Integration of JSA and HIRADC

1. Introduction

The installation of light steel roofs in industrial environments is one of the construction activities with a very high risk of falling from height. According to data from the International Labour Organization (ILO), the construction sector accounts for approximately 20% of all fatal workplace accidents worldwide, and falls from height rank first as the cause of worker fatalities. In Indonesia, roof work on industrial buildings with heights of 8–15 meters is one of the most risky activities that must be managed systematically.

PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera, as a specialist in light steel roof construction for industrial buildings, warehouses, factories, and commercial facilities, views the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) standards not merely as a regulatory obligation, but as the primary foundation of business sustainability. The integration of Work at Height Permit procedures, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), and Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) serves as the backbone of the company's OHS management system. This article describes in detail how these three elements are applied synergistically in every stage of a light steel roof project, from material mobilization to work handover.

2. Key Points

A. Implementation of Specific OHS Standards for Light Steel Roof Work

PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera refers to a layered regulatory framework that includes national and international standards:

• Permenaker No. 09/MEN/VII/2010 on Operators and Personnel of Lifting and Transport Equipment, which regulates the competence of crane operators and riggers when lifting light steel materials to the roof.
• OSHA 1926 Subpart M – Fall Protection, which sets the height threshold of 1.8 meters (6 feet) as the point at which fall protection systems are mandatory.
• SNI 8076:2018 on Occupational Safety and Health in Work at Height, which regulates the requirements for access systems, work platforms, and personal fall arrest systems (PFAS).

Mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) established by the company includes:

1. Full body harness with double lanyard (dual tail) and shock absorber, certified to SNI or EN 361.
2. Helmet with chin strap and attachment for face shield.
3. Safety shoes with anti-puncture midsole.
4. Anti-cut gloves ANSI A4 level for handling sharp light steel profiles.
5. Protective eyewear to prevent metal fragments and dust.

Access and mobility arrangements on the roof are carried out through: installation of a horizontal lifeline with certified anchor points of at least 22 kN, safety net below the work area with a maximum distance of 9 meters from the surface, and sturdy temporary walking boards installed at intervals of no more than 2.5 meters between points.

Handling light steel materials (C75, C100, up to C150 profiles with thickness of 0.75–1.2 mm BMT) requires special procedures because these materials are lightweight but have sharp edges. Materials are lifted using tag lines and must not be thrown or dropped from height.

B. Work at Height Permit Procedure

PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera sets the height threshold of ≥ 1.8 meters as the limit at which an official work permit from the HSE department is mandatory. The permit application stages include:

1. Filling out form WAH-01 by the field supervisor at least 24 hours before work.
2. Verification of the work location by HSE personnel, including inspection of anchor points, weather conditions, and emergency access.
3. Checking of signs and barricades in the lower zone (drop zone) with a minimum radius of 3 meters from the building edge.
4. Approval by the OHS supervisor with digital signature and company stamp.

Daily validation is a mandatory principle: the permit is valid for only one work shift (maximum 8 hours), and must be renewed if there is a change in weather conditions (wind > 32 km/h), a change in work method, or a crew change. Compliance audits are conducted through random inspections by the HSE team at least twice per week to ensure workers comply with permit conditions, especially the use of double lanyards with a 100% hook-up ratio.

C. Preparation of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) for Light Steel Roof Installation

JSA is prepared through five systematic steps:

Step 1 – Identify the work sequence: material mobilization → frame installation (truss and purlin) → roof covering installation (spandek, metal tile, or zincalume) → finishing (flashing, ridge cap, and sealant).

Step 2 – Analyze specific hazards per step: falling from the roof edge, slipping due to morning dew or oil spills, being struck by materials during lifting, electric shock from power tools (drills, grinders), and excessive UV exposure.

Step 3 – Recommend control measures: install guardrails before workers go up, use material restraint lines, provide mobile work platforms, and set working hours that avoid peak heat (11:00–14:00).

Step 4 – Communicate the JSA to all crew members through daily toolbox meetings for 10–15 minutes before work begins, with a signed attendance list.

Step 5 – Documentation and review of the JSA if a near miss occurs, there is a change in roof design, or a change in work method.

D. Implementation of HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control)

Hazard identification in light steel roof projects covers four main categories:

• Physical: height, extreme heat, strong wind, equipment noise.
• Chemical: silica dust, sealant solvents, paint aerosols.
• Ergonomic: awkward postures when installing screws on a 30° slope, repetitive strain injury.
• Psychosocial: time target pressure, fatigue due to long shifts.

Risk assessment uses a likelihood × severity matrix with a scale of 1–5, producing risk levels: low (1–4), medium (5–9), high (10–16), and extreme (17–25). Example: work at the roof edge without guardrails with a likelihood of 4 and severity of 5 yields a score of 20 (extreme) — work must not proceed without additional controls.

Determining controls follows the hierarchy of controls:

1. Elimination: replace manual methods with gondola lifts for difficult areas.
2. Substitution: use lighter materials of smaller size to reduce lifting load.
3. Engineering: install permanent lifelines and integrated anchor points.
4. Administrative: work rotation, limiting work hours at height, permit procedures.
5. PPE: full body harness, helmet, anti-cut gloves.

Monitoring and review are conducted weekly by the HSE team, with written reports to project management. Integration of HIRADC with work permits establishes that extreme-level risks must not be permitted to work without documented additional controls.

E. Synergy of JSA, HIRADC, and Work at Height Permit in the Project Flow

Integrated workflow of PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera:

HIRADC → JSA → Work Permit → Execution → Audit

• Supervisor's role: ensure that JSA and HIRADC become mandatory attachments in the work at height permit application. Without these attachments, the permit will not be approved.
• Competency training: working at height certification for all roof workers, including refresher training every 6 months and Work at Height OHS certification from Kemnaker.
• Management of change: if there is a roof design modification or extreme weather, JSA and HIRADC must be revised before the work permit is renewed.
• Success indicators: zero accident, PPE compliance rate > 98%, and a 50% reduction in near misses per year.

F. Case Study and Field Challenges at PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera

In an industrial warehouse project in the Cikarang Industrial Estate with a roof height of 12 meters and an area of 8,500 m², PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera implemented a combination of a horizontal lifeline 120 meters long and a safety net below the work area. As a result, during 6 months of project execution, not a single fall accident occurred, although there were 3 near misses that were successfully handled through safety observation cards.

Common challenges encountered in the field: workers ignore the double lanyard because it is considered to slow down work. The solution implemented: a combination of strict sanctions (warning letters up to contract termination) and a reward system (monthly bonus for crews with zero violations).

The role of OHS culture is strengthened through the "Saya Pilih Selamat" (I Choose Safety) campaign and safety observation cards that can be filled out by every worker. Periodic evaluation is conducted through internal audits (every 3 months) and external audits (every year) to maintain SMK3 certification and prepare for ISO 45001 certification.

3. Conclusion

The implementation of integrated OHS standards through work at height permits, JSA, and HIRADC is a non-negotiable strategy in industrial light steel roof projects. PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera is committed to ensuring that every worker understands and complies with these procedures to prevent fatal accidents and enhance sustainable productivity. With management commitment, continuous training, and routine audits, the risks of work at height can be managed effectively, while strengthening the company's position as a reliable and internationally standardized light steel roof construction partner.

4. References

1. Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia. (2010). Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No. 09/MEN/VII/2010 on Operators and Personnel of Lifting and Transport Equipment.
2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2020). 1926 Subpart M – Fall Protection.
3. Indonesian National Standard. (2018). SNI 8076:2018 on Occupational Safety and Health in Work at Height.
4. PT. Bajaringan Industri Sejahtera. (2023). Internal OHS and Work at Height Permit Procedure Manual.
5. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2013). Safety and Health in the Construction Sector.